What does it mean to infer?

To infer means to draw a conclusion based on indirect evidence. This involves using clues or implicit information that leads to a logical deduction, rather than relying solely on direct statements or observations. For example, if you observe that the ground is wet and people are carrying umbrellas, you can infer that it has probably rained, even if you did not witness the rain itself. Inferences are crucial in critical thinking as they allow individuals to make reasoned conclusions from available evidence and context, connecting the dots to understand a broader situation.

In contrast to this, making a broad conclusion based on limited data involves a risk of overgeneralization, which can lead to inaccurate results. Stating a fact with certainty requires concrete evidence and does not involve drawing conclusions from indirect evidence. Ignoring potential biases in data prevents a holistic understanding and can lead to skewed interpretations, which is contrary to the careful reasoning involved in making inferences.