What does the term 'cognitive bias' refer to?

The term 'cognitive bias' refers to a systematic error in thinking that affects judgments and decisions. Cognitive biases arise from the brain's attempt to simplify information processing, which can lead to subjective perceptions that deviate from reality. For example, individuals might focus on information that confirms their pre-existing beliefs while ignoring contradictory data, leading to poor decision-making.

Understanding cognitive biases is crucial because they can significantly influence how we interpret information, assess situations, and make choices, often without us being aware of their impact. Recognizing these biases can help individuals engage in better decision-making processes and improve critical thinking skills by encouraging a more objective and analytical approach to information evaluation.