What is the main characteristic of an Argumentum ad hominem?

The main characteristic of an Argumentum ad hominem is that it diverts attention from the argument itself by targeting the individual making the argument rather than addressing the content of what is being said. This type of reasoning is fallacious because it attempts to undermine the speaker's credibility or character instead of engaging with their points or evidence logically.

For instance, if someone is presenting a well-reasoned argument but is then dismissed because of an unrelated personal flaw or past mistake, that response exemplifies the ad hominem fallacy. The focus shifts from the validity of the argument to the perceived negativity of the person making it, which does not contribute to a constructive debate or understanding of the topic at hand.

Options involving attacking an argument directly, debating with statistical evidence, or validating through logical proofs do not capture the essence of an ad hominem argument since they stay focused on the subject matter or utilize logical frameworks rather than shifting the discussion towards the individual making the argument.